PrepL Human Development and Behavior 2

Question 1

Maslow's hierarchy of needs places which category at the base of the pyramid, indicating it must be met first?

Accepted Answer

Physiological needs

Answer

Physiological needs — such as food, water, shelter, and sleep — are at the base of Maslow's hierarchy because they are the most fundamental survival requirements.

Question 2

Bandura's social learning theory highlights which key process as central to learning new behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Observational learning through modeling and vicarious reinforcement

Answer

Bandura demonstrated that people learn behaviors by observing others and noting the consequences, a process known as observational learning or modeling.

Question 3

Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiments identified which attachment style in infants who show intense distress at separation but are not soothed upon reunion?

Accepted Answer

Anxious-ambivalent (resistant) attachment

Answer

Anxious-ambivalent (resistant) infants are highly distressed by separation and often display angry or passive behavior when the caregiver returns, failing to be comforted.

Question 4

In the context of human development, what does the term 'epigenetics' refer to?

Accepted Answer

Changes in gene expression caused by environmental factors without altering DNA sequence

Answer

Epigenetics refers to changes in how genes are expressed due to environmental influences — such as stress, diet, or trauma — without changing the underlying DNA sequence.

Question 5

Which developmental theorist described eight stages of psychosocial development from infancy through late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson

Answer

Erik Erikson proposed eight life-span stages, each characterized by a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved for healthy development to proceed.

(PrepL) Preparation for Licensing Practice Test

(PrepL) Preparation for Licensing Practice Test

PrepL Human Development and Behavior 2