PrepL Human Development and Behavior 2

Question 1

Maslow's hierarchy of needs places which category at the base of the pyramid, indicating it must be met first?

Accepted Answer

Physiological needs

Answer

Safety and security needs

Answer

Esteem needs

Answer

Love and belonging needs

Question 2

Bandura's social learning theory highlights which key process as central to learning new behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Observational learning through modeling and vicarious reinforcement

Answer

Classical conditioning through stimulus-response pairing

Answer

Unconscious conflict resolution through defense mechanisms

Answer

Stage-based maturation of cognitive schemas

Question 3

Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiments identified which attachment style in infants who show intense distress at separation but are not soothed upon reunion?

Accepted Answer

Anxious-ambivalent (resistant) attachment

Answer

Secure attachment

Answer

Avoidant attachment

Answer

Disorganized attachment

Question 4

In the context of human development, what does the term 'epigenetics' refer to?

Accepted Answer

Changes in gene expression caused by environmental factors without altering DNA sequence

Answer

The fixed genetic blueprint inherited at conception that determines all traits

Answer

The process by which identical twins develop different personalities over time

Answer

A branch of psychology focused exclusively on hereditary mental disorders

Question 5

Which developmental theorist described eight stages of psychosocial development from infancy through late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Jean Piaget

Answer

Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 6

According to Freud's psychosexual stages, unresolved conflicts during the oral stage may result in which adult behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Dependency, oral fixations such as smoking or overeating

Answer

Obsessive cleanliness and excessive orderliness

Answer

Difficulty with authority and competitive drive

Answer

Sexual identity confusion and gender dysphoria

Question 7

The concept of 'temperament' in developmental psychology most directly refers to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Biologically based individual differences in emotional reactivity and self-regulation

Answer

A child's intelligence quotient as measured by standardized tests

Answer

The moral values and beliefs instilled by parents and caregivers

Answer

Learned coping strategies acquired through social experience