Physician Assistant Genitourinary and Renal System Disorders

Question 1

A 25-year-old woman has dysuria, frequency and urgency with no fever or flank pain. Which is the most appropriate first-line treatment for uncomplicated cystitis?

Accepted Answer

Nitrofurantoin for 5 days

Answer

Nitrofurantoin for 5 days, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for 3 days, or fosfomycin as a single dose are first-line for uncomplicated cystitis. Fluoroquinolones are reserved because of resistance and adverse effects.

Question 2

A patient with a creatinine rise after contrast, with muddy brown casts on urinalysis, most likely has which condition?

Accepted Answer

Acute tubular necrosis

Answer

Muddy brown granular casts are characteristic of acute tubular necrosis, a common cause of intrinsic acute kidney injury from ischemia or nephrotoxins such as contrast.

Question 3

A patient has sudden severe colicky flank pain radiating to the groin and hematuria. Which imaging study is preferred?

Accepted Answer

Non-contrast CT of the abdomen and pelvis

Answer

Non-contrast CT is the most sensitive and specific test for urolithiasis. Ultrasound is preferred in pregnancy.

Question 4

A child has periorbital edema, proteinuria over 3.5 g/day, hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidemia. What is the most common cause in children?

Accepted Answer

Minimal change disease

Answer

These findings describe nephrotic syndrome. Minimal change disease is the most common cause in children and responds well to corticosteroids.

Question 5

Which laboratory finding is most consistent with hyperkalemia requiring urgent treatment?

Accepted Answer

Peaked T waves on ECG

Answer

Peaked T waves are an early ECG sign of hyperkalemia and can progress to a wide QRS and arrhythmias. IV calcium gluconate is given to stabilize the myocardium.

Physician Assistant Practice Test

Physician Assistant Practice Test

Physician Assistant Genitourinary and Renal System Disorders