Pediatric Nurse Exam Pediatric Nurse Infectious Diseases and Immunizations 3

Question 1

A child is admitted with suspected bacterial meningitis. What type of transmission-based precautions should the nurse implement?

Accepted Answer

Droplet precautions for at least 24 hours after starting antibiotics

Answer

Neisseria meningitidis spreads via respiratory droplets, requiring droplet precautions until 24 hours of effective antibiotic therapy has been completed.

Question 2

Which rash pattern is characteristic of Lyme disease?

Accepted Answer

Erythema migrans — an expanding bull's-eye rash at the tick bite site

Answer

Erythema migrans, an expanding circular rash with central clearing resembling a bull's-eye, is pathognomonic for Lyme disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.

Question 3

An infant is admitted with RSV bronchiolitis. What is the mainstay of treatment?

Accepted Answer

Supportive care including hydration, nasal suctioning, and supplemental oxygen

Answer

RSV bronchiolitis management is supportive — antibiotics are ineffective against viruses, and evidence does not support routine bronchodilator or steroid use.

Question 4

Palivizumab (Synagis) is administered monthly during RSV season to provide prophylaxis against which pathogen?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Answer

Palivizumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting RSV, given monthly in fall/winter to high-risk infants such as those born prematurely or with congenital heart disease.

Question 5

A child presents with fever, severe headache, photophobia, and nuchal rigidity. What is the nurse's priority action?

Accepted Answer

Implement droplet precautions and notify the provider immediately

Answer

Signs of meningitis require urgent provider notification and isolation due to the risk of rapid neurological deterioration and infectious transmission.

Pediatric Nurse Exam Practice Test

Pediatric Nurse Exam Practice Test

Pediatric Nurse Exam Pediatric Nurse Infectious Diseases and Immunizations 3