Pediatric Nurse Exam Pediatric Nurse Infectious Diseases and Immunizations 3

Question 1

A child is admitted with suspected bacterial meningitis. What type of transmission-based precautions should the nurse implement?

Accepted Answer

Droplet precautions for at least 24 hours after starting antibiotics

Answer

Airborne precautions

Answer

Contact precautions only

Answer

No isolation is required

Question 2

Which rash pattern is characteristic of Lyme disease?

Accepted Answer

Erythema migrans — an expanding bull's-eye rash at the tick bite site

Answer

Petechial rash concentrated on the trunk

Answer

Vesicular rash on the palms and soles

Answer

Maculopapular rash beginning on the face and spreading downward

Question 3

An infant is admitted with RSV bronchiolitis. What is the mainstay of treatment?

Accepted Answer

Supportive care including hydration, nasal suctioning, and supplemental oxygen

Answer

Systemic corticosteroids

Answer

Broad-spectrum antibiotics

Answer

Bronchodilators as a first-line agent

Question 4

Palivizumab (Synagis) is administered monthly during RSV season to provide prophylaxis against which pathogen?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Answer

Influenza virus

Answer

Bordetella pertussis

Answer

Rotavirus

Question 5

A child presents with fever, severe headache, photophobia, and nuchal rigidity. What is the nurse's priority action?

Accepted Answer

Implement droplet precautions and notify the provider immediately

Answer

Administer acetaminophen and reassess in 30 minutes

Answer

Perform a bedside lumbar puncture

Answer

Position supine without a pillow and monitor vitals hourly

Question 6

Which vaccine specifically prevents infection by Haemophilus influenzae type b, a leading cause of bacterial meningitis in children under 5?

Accepted Answer

Hib conjugate vaccine

Answer

PCV13 (pneumococcal conjugate)

Answer

MenACWY (meningococcal)

Answer

DTaP