Pediatric Nurse Exam Pediatric Nurse Infectious Diseases and Immunizations 2

Question 1

An unvaccinated 3-year-old is exposed to pertussis. Which intervention is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Administer azithromycin prophylaxis and initiate DTaP vaccination

Answer

Post-exposure prophylaxis with a macrolide antibiotic (azithromycin) and initiation of the DTaP series is recommended for unvaccinated contacts of pertussis.

Question 2

A 2-month-old presents with paroxysmal coughing episodes followed by an inspiratory 'whoop.' Which pathogen is responsible?

Accepted Answer

Bordetella pertussis

Answer

The classic whooping cough with post-tussive vomiting in infants is caused by Bordetella pertussis, targeted by the 'P' component of DTaP.

Question 3

Roseola (exanthem subitum) follows which characteristic sequence of symptoms?

Accepted Answer

High fever for 3–5 days followed by a rose-colored rash as the fever abruptly breaks

Answer

Roseola, caused by HHV-6, presents with high fever for 3–5 days that suddenly resolves, followed by a characteristic rose-colored macular trunk rash.

Question 4

A child is diagnosed with erythema infectiosum (fifth disease). What is the causative agent?

Accepted Answer

Parvovirus B19

Answer

Fifth disease is caused by Parvovirus B19 and classically presents with a 'slapped cheek' facial rash followed by a lacy rash on the trunk and extremities.

Question 5

Which of the following vaccines is classified as a live attenuated vaccine?

Accepted Answer

Varicella (chickenpox) vaccine

Answer

The varicella vaccine contains a live but weakened form of varicella-zoster virus and is contraindicated in severely immunocompromised patients.

Pediatric Nurse Exam Practice Test

Pediatric Nurse Exam Practice Test

Pediatric Nurse Exam Pediatric Nurse Infectious Diseases and Immunizations 2