Parkinson's Parkinson's Genetics and Risk Factors 2

Question 1

The LRRK2 G2019S variant is disproportionately prevalent among which ethnic population with Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Ashkenazi Jewish individuals

Answer

The LRRK2 G2019S mutation accounts for up to 20% of Parkinson's cases among Ashkenazi Jewish individuals, far higher than in the general population.

Question 2

Mutations in the PRKN (Parkin) gene are most commonly associated with which form of Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Early-onset familial PD

Answer

PRKN mutations are the most common cause of early-onset familial Parkinson's disease, often presenting before age 40 with slower progression.

Question 3

What classification applies to the majority of Parkinson's disease cases when no definitive genetic or environmental cause is identified?

Accepted Answer

Idiopathic Parkinson's disease

Answer

The majority (~85-90%) of Parkinson's cases are classified as idiopathic, meaning the cause is unknown and likely involves a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors.

Question 4

Head trauma as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease has been particularly studied in which occupational group?

Accepted Answer

Boxers and contact sport athletes

Answer

Repeated head trauma in boxing and contact sports has been linked to elevated Parkinson's risk, with Muhammad Ali's diagnosis drawing significant public attention to this connection.

Question 5

Chronic occupational exposure to which metal causes manganism, a condition with Parkinson's-like motor features?

Accepted Answer

Manganese

Answer

Chronic manganese exposure, often seen in welders and miners, causes manganism — a neurological syndrome resembling Parkinson's disease due to damage in the basal ganglia.

Parkinson's Practice Test

Parkinson's Practice Test

Parkinson's Parkinson's Genetics and Risk Factors 2