Vision and Ophthalmology Surgical Procedures and Treatments

Question 1

Phacoemulsification cataract surgery removes the cataract using:

Accepted Answer

High-frequency ultrasonic vibration

Answer

Phacoemulsification uses an ultrasonic probe to emulsify the cataract nucleus, allowing aspiration through a small (2–3 mm) incision.

Question 2

LASIK surgery corrects refractive error by:

Accepted Answer

Reshaping the corneal stroma with an excimer laser

Answer

LASIK creates a corneal flap, then an excimer laser (193 nm UV) ablates the stromal bed to reshape the cornea and correct the refractive error.

Question 3

Which procedure uses laser energy to create a peripheral iridotomy for treatment of narrow-angle glaucoma?

Accepted Answer

Nd:YAG or argon laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI)

Answer

Laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) creates a hole in the peripheral iris to equalize pressure between the anterior and posterior chambers, relieving pupillary block.

Question 4

Trabeculectomy treats glaucoma by:

Accepted Answer

Creating a fistula from the anterior chamber to a subconjunctival bleb

Answer

Trabeculectomy creates a guarded sclerostomy (partial-thickness flap) allowing aqueous humor to drain from the anterior chamber into a subconjunctival filtration bleb.

Question 5

Anti-VEGF intravitreal injections for wet AMD primarily work by:

Accepted Answer

Inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor to suppress choroidal neovascularization

Answer

Anti-VEGF agents (ranibizumab, aflibercept, bevacizumab) bind and neutralize VEGF-A, suppressing the CNV and reducing exudation in wet AMD.

Vision and Ophthalmology Practice Test

Vision and Ophthalmology Practice Test

Vision and Ophthalmology Surgical Procedures and Treatments