Vision and Ophthalmology Diagnostic Testing and Equipment 2

Question 1

Electroretinography (ERG) measures the electrical response of which cells in the retina?

Accepted Answer

Photoreceptors and bipolar cells (a-wave and b-wave)

Answer

The full-field ERG records mass electrical responses: the a-wave primarily reflects photoreceptor function and the b-wave reflects bipolar/Müller cell activity.

Question 2

The Humphrey visual field analyzer uses which method to test the visual field?

Accepted Answer

Static automated perimetry (stationary targets at fixed locations)

Answer

The Humphrey Field Analyzer uses static automated perimetry, presenting stationary light stimuli at predetermined locations and varying intensity to determine threshold sensitivity.

Question 3

Specular microscopy is used to evaluate which ocular structure?

Accepted Answer

Corneal endothelium (endothelial cell count and morphology)

Answer

Specular microscopy images the corneal endothelium, providing cell count (cells/mm²), cell size (polymegethism), and shape variation (pleomorphism).

Question 4

Which imaging modality is the gold standard for evaluating the optic nerve fiber layer in glaucoma?

Accepted Answer

Optical coherence tomography (OCT)

Answer

Spectral-domain OCT provides quantitative measurements of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, which correlates with ganglion cell loss in glaucoma.

Question 5

The pupillary light reflex is evaluated clinically using which test for afferent pathway defects?

Accepted Answer

Swinging flashlight test (RAPD)

Answer

The swinging flashlight test detects a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD/Marcus Gunn pupil), indicating unilateral optic nerve or extensive retinal disease.

Vision and Ophthalmology Practice Test

Vision and Ophthalmology Practice Test

Vision and Ophthalmology Diagnostic Testing and Equipment 2