Vision and Ophthalmology Common Eye Diseases and Disorders

Question 1

Which type of glaucoma is characterized by a sudden painful rise in intraocular pressure with a mid-dilated, fixed pupil?

Accepted Answer

Acute angle-closure glaucoma

Answer

Acute angle-closure glaucoma presents with sudden severe eye pain, nausea, blurred vision, halos, and a mid-dilated fixed pupil due to abrupt obstruction of aqueous outflow.

Question 2

What is the most common cause of irreversible blindness in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Age-related macular degeneration

Answer

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss and legal blindness in Americans over age 65.

Question 3

A nuclear sclerotic cataract typically causes which refractive shift?

Accepted Answer

Myopic shift

Answer

Nuclear sclerotic cataracts increase the refractive index of the lens nucleus, causing a myopic (nearsighted) shift, sometimes improving near vision temporarily (second sight).

Question 4

Diabetic retinopathy with neovascularization is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Answer

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is defined by the presence of retinal neovascularization, which can lead to vitreous hemorrhage and tractional retinal detachment.

Question 5

Which finding is characteristic of wet (exudative) age-related macular degeneration?

Accepted Answer

Choroidal neovascularization

Answer

Wet AMD is characterized by choroidal neovascularization (CNV), where abnormal blood vessels grow under the retina and cause rapid, severe vision loss.

Vision and Ophthalmology Practice Test

Vision and Ophthalmology Practice Test

Vision and Ophthalmology Common Eye Diseases and Disorders