A clinical trial of a potentially valuable medical treatment is planned. It is unlikely that it will directly benefit the study subjects but very likely that it will benefit future patients. There is a risk for short-term minor gastric discomfort but essentially no risk for long-term adverse effects. The investigator concludes that disclosure of the risks may discourage participation in the trial. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
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A
Proceed with the trial only with disclosure, because informed consent is an absolute requirement
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B
Proceed with the trial only with disclosure, because the trial will not directly benefit the subjects
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C
Proceed with the trial using only subjects who agree to participate without disclosure
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D
Proceed with the trial without disclosure, because the risks to subjects are outweighed by the possible benefits to many patients
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E
Proceed with the trial without disclosure, because the probability of long-term harm to subjects is remote