Gross Anatomy and Embryology Test

Question 1

A 45-year-old woman has a uterine leiomyoma that is 5 cm in diameter and is pressing on the urinary bladder, causing urinary frequency.
Which of the following is the most likely location of the leiomyoma?

Accepted Answer

Subperitoneally on the anterior surface of the uterine corpus

Answer

Cervical canal

Answer

Lateral margin of the uterine cavity

Answer

Subendometrially in the uterine cavity

Answer

Subperitoneally on the posterior surface of the uterine fundus

Question 2

A 5-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department because of fever and severe abdominal pain. Acute appendicitis is diagnosed. In the examination room, she keeps her right hip flexed and resists active extension of the hip. The inflamed structure associated with these symptoms is most likely in contact with which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

Psoas major muscle

Answer

Abdominal wall and the external oblique muscle

Answer

Obturator internus muscle

Answer

Quadratus lumborum muscle

Answer

Transversus abdominis muscle

Question 3

A 61-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of episodes of headache, heart palpitations, and excessive sweating. He has had a 10-kg (22-lb) weight loss during this period. While being examined, during an episode his blood pressure is 210/110 mm Hg. Physical examination shows no other abnormalities. Urine studies show increased catecholamine concentrations. A CT scan of the abdomen is most likely to show a mass in which of the following locations?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Appendix

Answer

Kidneys

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Stomach

Question 4

A 6-year-old boy has a large intra-abdominal mass in the midline just above the symphysis pubis. During an operation, a cystic mass is found attached to the umbilicus and the apex of the bladder. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Urachal cyst

Answer

Hydrocele

Answer

Meckel cyst

Answer

Meckel diverticulum

Answer

Omphalocele

Question 5

A 55-year-old man who has alcoholic cirrhosis is brought to the emergency department because he has been vomiting blood for 2 hours. He has a 2-month history of abdominal distention, dilated veins over the anterior abdominal wall, and internal hemorrhoids. Which of the following veins is the most likely origin of the hematemesis?

Accepted Answer

Left gastric vein

Answer

Inferior mesenteric veins

Answer

Periumbilical veins

Answer

Superior rectal vein

Answer

Superior vena cava

Question 6

A 3-year-old girl with mild craniofacial dysmorphosis has profound hearing deficits. Further evaluation indicates profound sensory auditory deficits and vestibular problems. Altered development of which of the following is most likely to account for these observations?

Accepted Answer

Neural crest cell

Answer

Ectodermal placode

Answer

Intermediate mesoderm

Answer

Lateral plate mesoderm

Answer

Paraxial mesoderm

Answer

Prochordal mesoderm

Question 7

A 19-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 5-day history of increasingly severe right lower abdominal pain and bloody vaginal discharge. Her last menstrual period was 8 weeks ago. Abdominal examination shows exquisite tenderness of the right lower quadrant. A serum pregnancy test result is positive. Ultrasonography shows no gestational sac in the uterus. Which of the following is the most likely location of this patient’s fertilized egg?

Accepted Answer

Right fallopian tube

Answer

Cervix

Answer

Peritoneum of the right lower abdominal wall

Answer

Rectouterine pouch (of Douglas)

Answer

Right ovary

Question 8

A 22-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of a suprahyoid stab wound that extends from one side of the neck to the other. His tongue deviates to the right when protruded; there is no loss of sensory modality on the tongue. The injury most likely involves which of the following nerves?

Accepted Answer

Right hypoglossal

Answer

Left hypoglossal

Answer

Left vagus

Answer

Right glossopharyngeal

Answer

Right lingual

Question 9

A 45-year-old woman is found to have adenocarcinoma of the left breast. Resection of the tumor is scheduled, and the physician also plans to obtain samples of the draining nodes. To find these nodes, a radiotracer is injected adjacent to the tumor and images are obtained. The first draining sentinel node in this patient is most likely found at which of the following locations?

Accepted Answer

Ipsilateral axilla

Answer

Contralateral neck

Answer

Ipsilateral mediastinum

Answer

Ipsilateral supraclavicle

Answer

Medial contralateral breast

Question 10

A 3629-g (8-lb) male newborn is delivered at term. During the initial examination, urine is found to be leaking from the umbilicus. This patient most likely has an abnormality of which of the following fetal structures?

Accepted Answer

Urachus

Answer

Umbilical arteries

Answer

Umbilical vein

Answer

Urogenital sinus

Answer

Urorectal septum

A 45-year-old woman has a uterine leiomyoma that is 5 cm in diameter and is pressing on the urinary bladder, causing urinary frequency.Which of the following is the most likely location of the leiomyoma?

A 45-year-old woman has a uterine leiomyoma that is 5 cm in diameter and is pressing on the urinary bladder, causing urinary frequency.
Which of the following is the most likely location of the leiomyoma?