OCC OCC Evidence-Based Medicine & Research 3

Question 1

Which organization produces the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations that inform ACA-covered preventive services?

Accepted Answer

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)

Answer

The USPSTF is an independent panel convened and supported by the AHRQ that produces evidence-based preventive service recommendations.

Question 2

In clinical research, which type of validity refers to whether study findings can be generalized to the broader population?

Accepted Answer

External validity

Answer

External validity (generalizability) refers to whether the study findings apply beyond the specific study sample to the target population.

Question 3

A systematic review finds significant heterogeneity among included studies (I² = 78%). What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

High variability across studies suggests caution in pooling results

Answer

I² > 75% indicates substantial heterogeneity, meaning considerable variability exists between study results that cannot be attributed to chance alone.

Question 4

Which type of error occurs when a study fails to detect a real treatment effect due to inadequate sample size?

Accepted Answer

Type II error (beta error)

Answer

A Type II (beta) error is a false negative — failing to detect a real difference because the study lacked sufficient statistical power (adequate sample size).

Question 5

Pre-registration of clinical trial protocols in databases like ClinicalTrials.gov is intended to prevent which bias?

Accepted Answer

Publication bias and selective outcome reporting

Answer

Pre-registration prevents selective outcome reporting and publication bias by making the original hypotheses public before data collection begins.

OCC - Osteopathic Continuous Certification Practice Test

OCC - Osteopathic Continuous Certification Practice Test

OCC OCC Evidence-Based Medicine & Research 3