OCC OCC Preventive Medicine & Population Health 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The USPSTF recommends annual low-dose CT (LDCT) screening for lung cancer in adults aged 50–80 with which smoking history?
- 20 pack-year history who currently smoke or quit within the past 15 years (Correct answer)
- Any prior smoking history regardless of amount
- Only current smokers with >40 pack-year history
- Current smokers over age 65 only
Correct answer: 20 pack-year history who currently smoke or quit within the past 15 years
USPSTF recommends annual LDCT for adults 50–80 with a 20+ pack-year history who currently smoke or quit within the past 15 years.
Question 2: Which preventive health strategy targets an entire population rather than individuals identified as high-risk?
- Population-based (mass) strategy (Correct answer)
- High-risk individual strategy
- Targeted screening strategy
- Opportunistic screening
Correct answer: Population-based (mass) strategy
The population-based strategy (Rose strategy) aims to shift the entire population distribution of a risk factor rather than treating only high-risk individuals.
Question 3: A 45-year-old woman with no family history of colorectal cancer should begin screening at what age according to updated USPSTF guidelines?
- 45 years (Correct answer)
- 50 years
- 40 years
- 55 years
Correct answer: 45 years
In 2021, USPSTF updated its recommendation to begin colorectal cancer screening at age 45 for average-risk individuals.
Question 4: Social determinants of health (SDOH) that most directly affect patient health outcomes include which factors?
- Housing stability, food security, education, income, and access to healthcare (Correct answer)
- Genetic polymorphisms and family history only
- Physician quality and hospital technology
- Patient adherence and individual health behaviors alone
Correct answer: Housing stability, food security, education, income, and access to healthcare
SDOH are non-medical factors like housing, food, income, education, and access to care that significantly influence health outcomes — accounting for up to 80% of health outcomes.
Question 5: Which level of prevention involves early detection and treatment of disease before it becomes symptomatic?
- Secondary prevention (Correct answer)
- Primary prevention
- Tertiary prevention
- Primordial prevention
Correct answer: Secondary prevention
Secondary prevention detects and treats disease in its early, asymptomatic stage through screening programs to prevent progression.
Question 6: The body mass index (BMI) threshold for obesity classification in adults in the US is which value?
- ≥ 30 kg/m² (Correct answer)
- ≥ 25 kg/m²
- ≥ 35 kg/m²
- ≥ 27 kg/m²
Correct answer: ≥ 30 kg/m²
Obesity is defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²; BMI 25–29.9 is overweight; BMI ≥ 35 is Class II obesity; BMI ≥ 40 is Class III.
OCC OCC Preventive Medicine & Population Health 1
The USPSTF recommends annual low-dose CT (LDCT) screening for lung cancer in adults aged 50–80 with which smoking history?