OCC OCC Evidence-Based Medicine & Research 1

Question 1

Which type of study provides the highest level of evidence in evidence-based medicine hierarchy?

Accepted Answer

Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Answer

Individual randomized controlled trial

Answer

Prospective cohort study

Answer

Expert opinion and case series

Question 2

In a randomized controlled trial (RCT), what is the purpose of blinding participants and investigators?

Accepted Answer

To reduce performance and detection bias

Answer

To improve patient recruitment

Answer

To reduce cost of the study

Answer

To ensure equal randomization

Question 3

A study reports a relative risk (RR) of 0.6 for a new drug compared to placebo for MI. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

The drug reduces MI risk by 40% relative to placebo

Answer

The drug reduces MI risk to 0.6 per 1000 patients

Answer

The drug increases MI risk by 40%

Answer

The drug has a 60% absolute risk reduction

Question 4

What is the number needed to treat (NNT) if the absolute risk reduction (ARR) of a treatment is 5%?

Accepted Answer

20

Answer

5

Answer

0.05

Answer

100

Question 5

In a diagnostic test evaluation, a test with high sensitivity is best used for which purpose?

Accepted Answer

Screening (ruling out disease when negative)

Answer

Confirming disease when positive

Answer

Staging disease severity

Answer

Monitoring treatment response

Question 6

Which statistical measure describes the probability that a patient without the disease will test negative on a diagnostic test?

Accepted Answer

Specificity

Answer

Sensitivity

Answer

Positive predictive value

Answer

Negative predictive value