NTA Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology 2

Question 1

Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on the ECG by which waveform?

Accepted Answer

QRS complex

Answer

The QRS complex reflects rapid ventricular depolarization, which triggers myocardial contraction.

Question 2

What does the term 'cardiac output' refer to?

Accepted Answer

The volume of blood ejected by one ventricle per minute

Answer

Cardiac output (CO) equals stroke volume multiplied by heart rate and represents the volume pumped per minute.

Question 3

Which phase of the cardiac cycle represents ventricular contraction?

Accepted Answer

Systole

Answer

Systole is the phase during which the ventricles contract and eject blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery.

Question 4

The 'atrial kick' contributes approximately what percentage of ventricular filling at normal heart rates?

Accepted Answer

15–30%

Answer

Atrial contraction contributes roughly 15–30% of ventricular filling, which becomes especially important when heart rate is elevated.

Question 5

Which valves open during ventricular systole?

Accepted Answer

Aortic and pulmonic valves

Answer

During systole, rising ventricular pressure forces open the aortic and pulmonic (semilunar) valves to eject blood.

NTA - National Telemetry Association Practice Test