NTA Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology 2

Question 1

Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on the ECG by which waveform?

Accepted Answer

QRS complex

Answer

P wave

Answer

T wave

Answer

U wave

Question 2

What does the term 'cardiac output' refer to?

Accepted Answer

The volume of blood ejected by one ventricle per minute

Answer

The pressure exerted by the heart on arterial walls

Answer

The percentage of blood ejected per beat

Answer

The heart's resting oxygen consumption

Question 3

Which phase of the cardiac cycle represents ventricular contraction?

Accepted Answer

Systole

Answer

Diastole

Answer

Isovolumetric relaxation

Answer

Atrial kick

Question 4

The 'atrial kick' contributes approximately what percentage of ventricular filling at normal heart rates?

Accepted Answer

15–30%

Answer

5–10%

Answer

40–50%

Answer

60–70%

Question 5

Which valves open during ventricular systole?

Accepted Answer

Aortic and pulmonic valves

Answer

Mitral and tricuspid valves

Answer

Mitral and aortic valves

Answer

Tricuspid and pulmonic valves

Question 6

The refractory period of the cardiac cycle is important in telemetry because stimulation during this phase can:

Accepted Answer

Trigger a life-threatening arrhythmia (R-on-T phenomenon)

Answer

Cause sinus bradycardia

Answer

Lengthen the PR interval

Answer

Slow AV nodal conduction

Question 7

Stroke volume is primarily determined by which three factors?

Accepted Answer

Preload, afterload, and contractility

Answer

Heart rate, blood pressure, and temperature

Answer

Sodium, potassium, and calcium levels

Answer

Respiratory rate, tidal volume, and oxygen saturation