NP Research & Evidence-Based Practice 3

Question 1

A clinical practice guideline recommends a treatment with a Grade 1B strength of recommendation. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

Strong recommendation based on moderate-quality evidence

Answer

In GRADE terminology, Grade 1 means strong recommendation (benefits clearly outweigh risks) and Grade B indicates moderate-quality evidence.

Question 2

Which study design is most appropriate for examining the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in rural communities?

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional study

Answer

Cross-sectional studies measure the prevalence of a condition in a defined population at a single point in time.

Question 3

An NP calculates the number needed to treat (NNT) as 20. How should this be communicated to a patient?

Accepted Answer

20 patients must be treated for one additional patient to benefit from the treatment

Answer

NNT represents the number of patients who must receive the treatment for one additional patient to experience a benefit compared to the control.

Question 4

When appraising a diagnostic test study, which statistical measure best describes a test's ability to rule OUT a disease when negative?

Accepted Answer

High sensitivity

Answer

A highly sensitive test has few false negatives; a negative result on a highly sensitive test effectively rules out the disease (SnNout mnemonic).

Question 5

Which element of an informed consent process is most critical for research participants?

Accepted Answer

Voluntary participation with the right to withdraw without penalty

Answer

Voluntariness and the right to withdraw without penalty or loss of benefits are foundational ethical requirements for research participation.

NP - Nurse Practitioner Practice Test