NBRC Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Question 1

Which bronchodilator class acts primarily on beta-2 adrenergic receptors to cause bronchodilation?

Accepted Answer

Short-acting beta-2 agonists

Answer

Short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABAs) such as albuterol selectively stimulate beta-2 adrenergic receptors in airway smooth muscle, causing relaxation and bronchodilation.

Question 2

What is the primary mechanism of action of ipratropium bromide?

Accepted Answer

Muscarinic receptor blockade

Answer

Ipratropium bromide is an anticholinergic agent that blocks muscarinic receptors, reducing bronchoconstriction and secretions by inhibiting acetylcholine binding.

Question 3

A patient with status asthmaticus is receiving continuous albuterol nebulization. Which adverse effect must be monitored most closely?

Accepted Answer

Hypokalemia

Answer

Beta-2 agonists like albuterol stimulate Na+/K+-ATPase, shifting potassium intracellularly and potentially causing hypokalemia, which can lead to cardiac dysrhythmias.

Question 4

Which inhaled corticosteroid is most commonly used as maintenance therapy for persistent asthma?

Accepted Answer

Fluticasone

Answer

Fluticasone (and other inhaled corticosteroids like budesonide and beclomethasone) is used as daily maintenance therapy for persistent asthma to reduce airway inflammation.

Question 5

What is the therapeutic serum level range for theophylline in adults?

Accepted Answer

10–20 mcg/mL

Answer

The therapeutic range for theophylline is 10–20 mcg/mL; levels above 20 mcg/mL are associated with toxicity including seizures, tachycardia, and nausea.

NBRC - National Board for Respiratory Care Practice Test

NBRC - National Board for Respiratory Care Practice Test

NBRC Pharmacology and Therapeutics