NBRC Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Question 1

Which condition in premature infants results from surfactant deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

Answer

Neonatal RDS (hyaline membrane disease) results from surfactant deficiency in premature infants, leading to diffuse alveolar collapse and respiratory failure.

Question 2

The primary treatment for neonatal RDS is:

Accepted Answer

Exogenous surfactant replacement therapy

Answer

Exogenous surfactant administered intratracheally stabilizes alveoli and dramatically improves oxygenation and survival in neonates with RDS.

Question 3

Normal SpO2 targets for premature neonates receiving supplemental oxygen to reduce retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) risk are:

Accepted Answer

91–95%

Answer

Current guidelines recommend targeting SpO2 of 91–95% in premature neonates to balance ROP risk (excess oxygen) against necrotizing enterocolitis and mortality risk (insufficient oxygen).

Question 4

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is defined as oxygen dependency at:

Accepted Answer

28 days of life

Answer

BPD is defined as oxygen requirement at 28 days of life and reflects chronic lung injury from mechanical ventilation, oxygen toxicity, and inflammation in premature infants.

Question 5

Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) occurs when:

Accepted Answer

Meconium-stained amniotic fluid is inhaled, causing airway obstruction and inflammation

Answer

MAS results from aspiration of meconium-stained amniotic fluid, causing chemical pneumonitis, mechanical obstruction, and surfactant inactivation, often in term or post-term infants.

NBRC - National Board for Respiratory Care Practice Test

NBRC - National Board for Respiratory Care Practice Test

NBRC Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care