NBME Gross Anatomy and Embryology 3

Question 1

A newborn is found to have a single umbilical artery. This anomaly is most associated with which type of defect?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac and renal anomalies

Answer

A single umbilical artery (instead of the normal two) is a marker for associated congenital anomalies, most commonly cardiovascular and renal defects.

Question 2

After a pelvic fracture, a male patient cannot dorsiflex the foot. Which nerve is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Sciatic nerve (common fibular division)

Answer

The common fibular (peroneal) division of the sciatic nerve innervates the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg; its injury causes foot drop.

Question 3

The gubernaculum in males guides testicular descent into the scrotum. In females, the gubernaculum persists as which structure?

Accepted Answer

Ovarian ligament and round ligament of uterus

Answer

In females, the gubernaculum becomes the ovarian ligament (connecting ovary to uterus) and the round ligament of the uterus (connecting uterus to labia majora).

Question 4

An obstetrician identifies a fetal kidney with multiple non-communicating cysts that do not connect to the collecting system. This most likely results from failure of which structure?

Accepted Answer

Ureteric bud to induce metanephric mesenchyme

Answer

Multicystic dysplastic kidney results from failure of the ureteric bud to properly induce the metanephric mesenchyme, leading to non-functional cystic tissue.

Question 5

A patient with a femoral hernia would present with a bulge in which location?

Accepted Answer

Inferior and lateral to the pubic tubercle

Answer

Femoral hernias pass through the femoral ring, presenting inferior and lateral to the pubic tubercle, in contrast to inguinal hernias which are superior and medial.

NBME Practice Test

NBME Practice Test

NBME Gross Anatomy and Embryology 3