Laboratory Science Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine 3

Question 1

Which acute transfusion reaction is the most severe and potentially life-threatening?

Accepted Answer

Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction

Answer

Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions, most often caused by ABO incompatibility, trigger complement activation that can lead to DIC, renal failure, and death.

Question 2

Which laboratory test detects immunoglobulin or complement already bound to red blood cells in the patient's circulation?

Accepted Answer

Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT)

Answer

The Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT) detects IgG or complement components already coating the patient's circulating red blood cells.

Question 3

TRALI (Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury) is primarily caused by:

Accepted Answer

Donor antibodies reactive against recipient HLA or granulocyte antigens

Answer

TRALI is triggered by donor antibodies (or bioactive lipids from stored blood) that activate recipient neutrophils in the pulmonary vasculature, causing non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema.

Question 4

When blood is needed before compatibility testing can be completed, the standard emergency release product is:

Accepted Answer

Type O negative uncrossmatched blood

Answer

O negative blood lacks A, B, and Rh(D) antigens and is least likely to cause a hemolytic reaction in recipients of any ABO/Rh type.

Question 5

Which set of findings is most consistent with an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobinuria, fever, flank pain, and hypotension during transfusion

Answer

Acute hemolytic reactions cause intravascular hemolysis with hemoglobinuria, fever, flank pain, and hemodynamic instability occurring during or immediately after transfusion.

Laboratory Science Practice Test

Laboratory Science Practice Test

Laboratory Science Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine 3