Laboratory Science Urinalysis and Body Fluids

Question 1

What is the normal specific gravity range for urine?

Accepted Answer

1.003–1.030

Answer

1.000–1.002

Answer

1.035–1.050

Answer

1.060–1.080

Question 2

Glucose detected on a urine dipstick is most commonly associated with which condition?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus (blood glucose exceeding renal threshold ~180 mg/dL)

Answer

Normal finding in adults

Answer

Urinary tract infection

Answer

Kidney stones

Question 3

Which urine cast type indicates the most severe renal tubular damage?

Accepted Answer

Waxy (broad) casts

Answer

Hyaline casts

Answer

Granular casts

Answer

RBC casts

Question 4

RBC casts in urine sediment are pathognomonic for which condition?

Accepted Answer

Glomerulonephritis

Answer

Urinary tract infection

Answer

Nephrotic syndrome

Answer

Renal calculi

Question 5

A positive nitrite test on a urine dipstick indicates:

Accepted Answer

Presence of nitrate-reducing bacteria (gram-negative bacteria) suggesting UTI

Answer

High protein levels

Answer

Ketone bodies

Answer

Bilirubin in urine

Question 6

Which finding in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is most consistent with bacterial meningitis?

Accepted Answer

Cloudy fluid with elevated neutrophils and decreased glucose

Answer

Clear fluid with lymphocytes and normal glucose

Answer

Xanthochromic fluid with RBCs

Answer

Normal fluid with elevated protein only