GI Nutrition, Absorption, and Motility 2

Question 1

Gastroparesis is most commonly associated with which systemic disease in US clinical practice?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Answer

Diabetic autonomic neuropathy is the most common identifiable cause of gastroparesis, causing delayed gastric emptying due to vagal nerve dysfunction.

Question 2

The gold standard test for diagnosing gastroparesis is:

Accepted Answer

Gastric emptying scintigraphy (nuclear medicine scan)

Answer

Gastric emptying scintigraphy using a standardized radiolabeled solid meal (e.g., Tc-99m sulfur colloid egg meal) is the diagnostic gold standard for gastroparesis.

Question 3

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is indicated when patients cannot tolerate enteral nutrition; which of the following is a known complication of long-term TPN?

Accepted Answer

Intestinal-failure-associated liver disease (IFALD)

Answer

Long-term TPN bypasses the gut and can cause intestinal atrophy and intestinal-failure–associated liver disease (formerly TPN-associated cholestasis/cirrhosis).

Question 4

Dumping syndrome after gastric surgery is classified as early or late; late dumping (1–3 hours postprandially) is caused by:

Accepted Answer

Reactive hypoglycemia from excessive insulin release

Answer

Late dumping is caused by rapid carbohydrate absorption triggering excessive insulin secretion, leading to reactive hypoglycemia 1–3 hours after eating.

Question 5

Which vitamin deficiency classically results from fat malabsorption and causes night blindness and xerophthalmia?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A (retinol)

Answer

Vitamin A deficiency, common in fat malabsorption states, impairs rhodopsin regeneration in rod cells, causing night blindness and keratinization of the cornea (xerophthalmia).

Gastrointestinal GI Practice Practice Test

Gastrointestinal GI Practice Practice Test

GI Nutrition, Absorption, and Motility 2