GI GI Surgery and Interventional Procedures

Question 1

The Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy) removes which structures?

Accepted Answer

Head of pancreas, duodenum, gallbladder, and distal common bile duct

Answer

The classic Whipple resects the pancreatic head, entire duodenum, gallbladder, distal common bile duct, and often the distal stomach.

Question 2

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) achieves weight loss primarily through which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Restriction and hormonal changes (reduced ghrelin, altered GLP-1/PYY) with mild malabsorption

Answer

RYGB restricts stomach volume, reduces ghrelin (hunger hormone), and alters gut hormones (GLP-1, PYY) to improve satiety and insulin sensitivity, with modest malabsorption.

Question 3

The most dreaded early complication of esophagectomy is anastomotic leak; what is the preferred initial management of a cervical anastomotic leak?

Accepted Answer

Broad-spectrum antibiotics and opening of the neck wound for drainage

Answer

Cervical anastomotic leaks are managed by opening the neck incision to allow drainage, along with antibiotics and enteral feeding via jejunostomy.

Question 4

A Hartmann's procedure involves which surgical steps?

Accepted Answer

Sigmoid resection with end colostomy and closure of the rectal stump

Answer

Hartmann's procedure resects the diseased sigmoid/rectosigmoid, creates a proximal end colostomy, and closes the distal rectal stump as a blind pouch for later reversal.

Question 5

Endoscopic band ligation is the preferred endoscopic treatment for acute bleeding from which source?

Accepted Answer

Esophageal variceal bleeding

Answer

Endoscopic variceal band ligation (EVL) is the first-line endoscopic treatment for acute esophageal variceal hemorrhage, and is also used for secondary prophylaxis.

Gastrointestinal GI Practice Practice Test

Gastrointestinal GI Practice Practice Test

GI GI Surgery and Interventional Procedures