GI GI Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Which layer of the GI tract contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and the submucosal (Meissner's) plexus?

Accepted Answer

Submucosa

Answer

The submucosa houses Meissner's plexus along with blood vessels, lymphatics, and connective tissue.

Question 2

What is the primary function of the ileocecal valve?

Accepted Answer

Prevent backflow of colonic contents into the ileum

Answer

The ileocecal valve prevents reflux of bacteria-laden colonic contents back into the small intestine.

Question 3

Which cells in the gastric mucosa produce intrinsic factor?

Accepted Answer

Parietal cells

Answer

Parietal cells secrete both hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, which is essential for vitamin B12 absorption.

Question 4

Brunner's glands, which secrete alkaline mucus to protect the duodenal mucosa, are located in which layer?

Accepted Answer

Submucosa

Answer

Brunner's glands are submucosal glands unique to the duodenum that secrete bicarbonate-rich mucus.

Question 5

The migrating motor complex (MMC) phase III is characterized by which activity?

Accepted Answer

Intense, regular contractions sweeping the gut

Answer

Phase III MMC produces intense, cyclical contractions that sweep from stomach to ileum, clearing residual contents during fasting.

Gastrointestinal GI Practice Practice Test