The human relations movement is a school of thought within the field of organizational theory that emerged in the early 20th century, particularly in response to the mechanistic and impersonal approach of classical management theories. The human relations movement focuses on understanding the social and psychological aspects of work and emphasizes the importance of interpersonal relationships, communication, and employee satisfaction in improving organizational performance.
Bureaucracy is not one of the three main branches of government. The three main branches of government in many democratic systems are the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Bureaucracy refers to the administrative structure and personnel responsible for implementing and executing government policies and programs. It is typically part of the executive branch and supports the functioning of the government by managing day-to-day operations, implementing laws, providing public services, and carrying out other administrative tasks.
The correct answer is "Citizen participation."
The New Public Management (NPM) era, which emerged in the 1980s and 1990s, introduced a set of management practices and reforms aimed at improving the efficiency, effectiveness, and accountability of public administration. While NPM emphasized market-oriented approaches, performance measurement, and decentralization, it did not explicitly prioritize citizen participation as a core component.
Citizen participation refers to involving citizens in decision-making processes, policy development, and service delivery. While it is considered an important aspect of democratic governance and public administration, it is not typically associated with the core principles and focus of the NPM era. However, it is worth noting that in more recent years, there has been a recognition of the importance of citizen engagement and participatory approaches in public administration, leading to a shift in some practices and reforms.
The statement "Cooperate with the workers so as to ensure that all work is done in accordance with the principles of the science that has been developed" does not directly pertain to the Theory of Bureaucracy.
The correct answer is "The adoption of private sector management concepts and styles."
The New Public Service (NPS) period refers to a conceptual framework and approach to public administration that emerged as a response to some of the limitations and criticisms of the New Public Management (NPM) era. The NPS emphasizes public value, citizenship, and democratic governance in public administration. It focuses on the public interest, collaboration, and the ethical responsibilities of public servants.
While the NPM era did emphasize the adoption of private sector management concepts and styles in public administration, the NPS period sought to move away from this approach. Instead, it emphasized the distinctiveness of the public sector and the need for public administrators to embrace values and principles that are specific to public service.
