FRCR FRCR Pediatric Radiology 2

Question 1

The 'sail sign' on pediatric chest radiograph most commonly represents:

Accepted Answer

Normal thymus

Answer

The sail sign is the triangular right-sided thymic shadow that can mimic a right upper lobe opacity or mediastinal mass in infants and young children.

Question 2

In pediatric head trauma, which imaging finding on CT is most suggestive of non-accidental injury (NAI)?

Accepted Answer

Bilateral subdural hematomas of different ages

Answer

Bilateral subdural hematomas at different stages of evolution (mixed density), especially with retinal hemorrhages, are highly suspicious for non-accidental injury in infants.

Question 3

Hirschsprung disease is definitively diagnosed by:

Accepted Answer

Rectal suction biopsy showing absence of ganglion cells

Answer

The gold standard for Hirschsprung disease diagnosis is rectal suction biopsy demonstrating the absence of submucosal ganglion cells and hypertrophied acetylcholinesterase-positive nerve fibers.

Question 4

Which condition causes the 'corkscrew' appearance of the duodenum and small bowel on upper GI series in neonates?

Accepted Answer

Midgut volvulus

Answer

Midgut volvulus, a complication of intestinal malrotation, causes the duodenum and proximal jejunum to spiral around the superior mesenteric artery, producing the corkscrew or 'Z' configuration.

Question 5

Osteogenesis imperfecta on skeletal survey is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Multiple fractures of varying ages with osteopenia and wormian bones

Answer

OI shows diffuse osteopenia, multiple fractures at various stages of healing, wormian bones in the skull, and blue sclerae, distinguishing it from NAI.

FRCR - Fellow of the Royal College of Radiologists Practice Test

FRCR - Fellow of the Royal College of Radiologists Practice Test

FRCR FRCR Pediatric Radiology 2