FRCR FRCR Clinical Oncology

Question 1

Which radiation therapy technique allows dose escalation to the tumor while reducing dose to surrounding organs at risk?

Accepted Answer

Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)

Answer

2D conventional radiotherapy

Answer

Orthovoltage therapy

Answer

Total body irradiation

Question 2

In radiobiology, the linear-quadratic (LQ) model describes:

Accepted Answer

Cell survival as a function of radiation dose

Answer

Tumor growth kinetics

Answer

Oxygen enhancement ratio

Answer

Repopulation during fractionated radiotherapy

Question 3

What is the typical α/β ratio for late-responding normal tissues?

Accepted Answer

~3 Gy

Answer

~10 Gy

Answer

~1 Gy

Answer

~20 Gy

Question 4

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is best characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Few high-dose fractions delivered with high precision

Answer

Daily fractions over 6–8 weeks

Answer

Whole-organ irradiation at low doses

Answer

Brachytherapy implantation

Question 5

The oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) in radiobiology refers to:

Accepted Answer

Ratio of dose needed to achieve the same effect in hypoxic vs. oxygenated cells

Answer

Ratio of oxygen concentration in tumor vs. normal tissue

Answer

Enhancement of dose by radiosensitizers

Answer

Proportion of cells in S-phase

Question 6

Which chemotherapy agent is most commonly combined with radiotherapy as a radiosensitizer in head and neck cancer?

Accepted Answer

Cisplatin

Answer

Carboplatin

Answer

Paclitaxel

Answer

Gemcitabine