FRCR FRCR Pediatric Radiology 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the most common abdominal malignancy in children under 5 years of age?
- Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma) (Correct answer)
- Neuroblastoma
- Hepatoblastoma
- Rhabdomyosarcoma
Correct answer: Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma)
Wilms tumor is the most common renal malignancy in children and the most common pediatric abdominal cancer, typically presenting as a large flank mass.
Question 2: In neonatal chest radiography, which finding is characteristic of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)?
- Diffuse granular opacity with air bronchograms and low lung volumes (Correct answer)
- Hyperinflation with asymmetric air trapping
- Mediastinal shift with unilateral opacification
- Pleural effusion with rib notching
Correct answer: Diffuse granular opacity with air bronchograms and low lung volumes
RDS (hyaline membrane disease) from surfactant deficiency causes diffuse fine granular (ground-glass) opacities with air bronchograms and reduced lung volumes in premature neonates.
Question 3: The 'double bubble' sign on abdominal radiograph in a neonate indicates:
- Duodenal atresia or stenosis (Correct answer)
- Jejunal atresia
- Malrotation with volvulus
- Meconium ileus
Correct answer: Duodenal atresia or stenosis
The double bubble represents gas in the stomach and proximal duodenum only, indicating complete obstruction at the level of the duodenum.
Question 4: Which pediatric bone tumor characteristically shows a 'sunburst' periosteal reaction on radiograph?
- Osteosarcoma (Correct answer)
- Ewing sarcoma
- Osteoid osteoma
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Correct answer: Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma produces aggressive bone formation seen as a sunburst periosteal reaction radiating from the cortex, typically arising in the metaphysis of long bones.
Question 5: Intussusception in children most commonly involves which bowel segment?
- Ileocolic junction (Correct answer)
- Jejuno-jejunal
- Colo-colic
- Duodeno-jejunal junction
Correct answer: Ileocolic junction
Ileocolic intussusception (ileum telescoping into colon) accounts for ~90% of pediatric intussusceptions and is typically idiopathic in children aged 3 months to 3 years.
Question 6: Which imaging modality is preferred for evaluating developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in infants under 4–6 months of age?
- Ultrasound (Correct answer)
- Plain radiograph
- MRI
- CT
Correct answer: Ultrasound
Ultrasound is preferred in infants because the femoral head is largely cartilaginous and not visible on radiographs; it allows dynamic assessment of hip stability.
FRCR FRCR Pediatric Radiology 1
What is the most common abdominal malignancy in children under 5 years of age?