FPGEE Pharmacology 2

Question 1

Which mechanism best describes the action of beta-lactam antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding penicillin-binding proteins

Answer

Beta-lactams inhibit transpeptidation by covalently binding penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), preventing cross-linking of peptidoglycan.

Question 2

A patient on warfarin is started on rifampin. What pharmacokinetic interaction is expected?

Accepted Answer

Decreased warfarin effect due to CYP induction

Answer

Rifampin is a potent CYP450 inducer that increases warfarin metabolism, significantly reducing its anticoagulant effect.

Question 3

Which adrenergic receptor subtype mediates bronchodilation?

Accepted Answer

Beta-2

Answer

Beta-2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle mediate relaxation and bronchodilation when stimulated.

Question 4

What is the primary mechanism of action of thiazide diuretics?

Accepted Answer

Inhibit Na+/Cl- cotransporter in the distal convoluted tubule

Answer

Thiazides inhibit the NCC (Na+/Cl-) cotransporter in the distal convoluted tubule, reducing sodium reabsorption.

Question 5

A patient with opioid overdose presents with pinpoint pupils and respiratory depression. Which agent is the treatment of choice?

Accepted Answer

Naloxone

Answer

Naloxone is a competitive opioid antagonist at mu, kappa, and delta receptors and rapidly reverses opioid toxidrome.

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