FPGEE FPGEE Microbiology and Immunology 1

Question 1

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is responsible for anaphylaxis?

Accepted Answer

Type I (IgE-mediated)

Answer

Anaphylaxis is a Type I IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction triggered by mast cell degranulation.

Question 2

Which organism is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the US?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the leading bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia in adults in the US.

Question 3

Which antibiotic class inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)?

Accepted Answer

Beta-lactams

Answer

Beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems) inhibit transpeptidation by covalently binding to PBPs.

Question 4

The Gram stain distinguishes bacteria primarily based on differences in their:

Accepted Answer

Cell wall composition

Answer

Gram-positive bacteria retain crystal violet due to their thick peptidoglycan layer, while gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan and outer membrane.

Question 5

Which vaccine uses live attenuated organisms and is therefore contraindicated in immunocompromised patients?

Accepted Answer

MMR vaccine

Answer

The MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine contains live attenuated viruses and must be avoided in immunocompromised individuals due to risk of vaccine-strain infection.

FPGEE Exam Practice Test

FPGEE Exam Practice Test

FPGEE FPGEE Microbiology and Immunology 1