FPGEE FPGEE Microbiology and Immunology 3

Question 1

Which of the following best describes herd immunity?

Accepted Answer

A sufficient proportion of a population is immune, reducing pathogen spread to unvaccinated individuals

Answer

Herd immunity occurs when enough individuals are immune (through vaccination or prior infection) that transmission chains are broken, protecting even unimmunized members.

Question 2

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is resistant to penicillin mainly because of:

Accepted Answer

Altered PBPs and beta-lactamase production

Answer

Gonococci resist penicillin through both plasmid-encoded beta-lactamase (penicillinase) and chromosomal mutations altering PBPs and porins.

Question 3

The live attenuated varicella (chickenpox) vaccine is a contraindication in pregnancy primarily because:

Accepted Answer

Live vaccine virus may cross the placenta and infect the fetus

Answer

Live attenuated viruses carry a theoretical risk of transplacental transmission and fetal infection, so varicella vaccine is contraindicated during pregnancy.

Question 4

Which innate immune cell is the primary phagocyte responsible for clearing bacterial infections in the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Neutrophils (PMNs) are the first-responder phagocytes of innate immunity, rapidly migrating to sites of infection and engulfing bacteria.

Question 5

Which antiviral agent inhibits the neuraminidase enzyme of influenza A and B viruses?

Accepted Answer

Oseltamivir

Answer

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir are neuraminidase inhibitors that prevent new viral particles from being released from infected cells.

FPGEE Exam Practice Test

FPGEE Exam Practice Test

FPGEE FPGEE Microbiology and Immunology 3