FIT Translation Theory & Methodology 2

Question 1

Which theorist introduced the concept of 'skopos' (purpose) as the primary determinant of translation strategy?

Accepted Answer

Hans Vermeer

Answer

Hans Vermeer developed Skopos Theory in the 1970s-80s, arguing that the purpose of the translation governs all translation decisions.

Question 2

In Antoine Berman's framework, 'deforming tendencies' in translation include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Foreignization

Answer

Foreignization is Venuti's strategy of preserving source-culture elements; Berman's deforming tendencies include rationalization, clarification, and ennoblement, among others.

Question 3

The concept of 'translational norms' developed by Gideon Toury refers to:

Accepted Answer

Socio-cultural constraints that govern translator behavior in a given community

Answer

Toury defined translational norms as the socio-cultural values and constraints — between rules and idiosyncrasies — that guide translators' choices.

Question 4

What does 'back-translation' primarily serve as a tool for?

Accepted Answer

Verifying accuracy in fields like clinical trials where the original language must be recoverable

Answer

Back-translation is most commonly used in medical, pharmaceutical, and research contexts to verify that a translation accurately reflects the source content.

Question 5

Which translation approach does Lawrence Venuti advocate as an ethical stance against cultural imperialism?

Accepted Answer

Foreignization

Answer

Venuti argues that foreignization resists the dominant Anglo-American culture's tendency to erase foreign elements and makes the translator's work visible.

(FIT) International Federation of Translators Certified Translator Practice Test

(FIT) International Federation of Translators Certified Translator Practice Test

FIT Translation Theory & Methodology 2