ERB Logical Reasoning and Problem Solving 2

Question 1

In ERB logic, what is a 'valid argument'?

Accepted Answer

An argument where the conclusion follows logically from the premises

Answer

A valid argument is one where, if the premises are true, the conclusion must logically follow — regardless of whether the premises are actually true.

Question 2

What logical fallacy assumes that because two events are related in time, one caused the other?

Accepted Answer

Post hoc ergo propter hoc

Answer

Post hoc ergo propter hoc is the fallacy of assuming that because B followed A, A must have caused B.

Question 3

If every even number is divisible by 2, and 48 is even, what can be concluded?

Accepted Answer

48 is divisible by 2

Answer

Applying the rule that all even numbers are divisible by 2 to the specific case of 48 yields the valid conclusion that 48 is divisible by 2.

Question 4

In a sequence 2, 4, 8, 16, ___, what is the next number?

Accepted Answer

32

Answer

Each term doubles the previous one (×2), so 16 × 2 = 32 is the next number in the sequence.

Question 5

What does it mean to 'draw an inference' on an ERB assessment?

Accepted Answer

Reach a conclusion not directly stated based on available information

Answer

Drawing an inference means using given information and reasoning to reach a conclusion that is implied but not explicitly stated.

ERB - Educational Records Bureau Practice Test