ERB Logical Reasoning and Problem Solving 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: In ERB logic, what is a 'valid argument'?
- An argument with a true conclusion
- An argument where the conclusion follows logically from the premises (Correct answer)
- An argument supported by many examples
- An argument that everyone agrees with
Correct answer: An argument where the conclusion follows logically from the premises
A valid argument is one where, if the premises are true, the conclusion must logically follow — regardless of whether the premises are actually true.
Question 2: What logical fallacy assumes that because two events are related in time, one caused the other?
- Ad hominem
- False dichotomy
- Post hoc ergo propter hoc (Correct answer)
- Circular reasoning
Correct answer: Post hoc ergo propter hoc
Post hoc ergo propter hoc is the fallacy of assuming that because B followed A, A must have caused B.
Question 3: If every even number is divisible by 2, and 48 is even, what can be concluded?
- 48 is not divisible by 2
- 48 is divisible by 2 (Correct answer)
- 2 is not even
- Even numbers are not divisible by 48
Correct answer: 48 is divisible by 2
Applying the rule that all even numbers are divisible by 2 to the specific case of 48 yields the valid conclusion that 48 is divisible by 2.
Question 4: In a sequence 2, 4, 8, 16, ___, what is the next number?
- 18
- 24
- 32 (Correct answer)
- 30
Correct answer: 32
Each term doubles the previous one (×2), so 16 × 2 = 32 is the next number in the sequence.
Question 5: What does it mean to 'draw an inference' on an ERB assessment?
- Copy a diagram
- Reach a conclusion not directly stated based on available information (Correct answer)
- Restate the question
- List all facts given
Correct answer: Reach a conclusion not directly stated based on available information
Drawing an inference means using given information and reasoning to reach a conclusion that is implied but not explicitly stated.
Question 6: On ERB tests, which strategy is best for solving multi-step word problems?
- Guess randomly and check
- Read once and solve immediately
- Break the problem into smaller steps and solve each part (Correct answer)
- Skip difficult problems entirely
Correct answer: Break the problem into smaller steps and solve each part
Breaking a complex problem into smaller, manageable steps makes it easier to apply the right operations and reach the correct answer.
ERB Logical Reasoning and Problem Solving 2
In ERB logic, what is a 'valid argument'?