ENT ENT Pediatric and Special Populations 2

Question 1

Choanal atresia is a congenital obstruction of which anatomical structure?

Accepted Answer

Posterior nasal aperture (choana)

Answer

Choanal atresia is a congenital bony or membranous obstruction of the posterior nasal aperture (choana), and bilateral cases present as a respiratory emergency in obligate nasal-breathing newborns.

Question 2

Since widespread Hib vaccination, which organism has become the predominant cause of acute epiglottitis in vaccinated children?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer

Since widespread Hib vaccination, Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus) has become the most common bacterial cause of acute epiglottitis in vaccinated children.

Question 3

What is the most common indication for adenotonsillectomy in pediatric patients?

Accepted Answer

Obstructive sleep apnea

Answer

Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea caused by adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the most common indication for adenotonsillectomy in children.

Question 4

Which type of hearing loss is most commonly seen in children with Down syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Conductive hearing loss

Answer

Children with Down syndrome most frequently experience conductive hearing loss due to Eustachian tube dysfunction, small ear canals, and high rates of recurrent otitis media.

Question 5

Subglottic hemangiomas in infants typically present with which characteristic symptom pattern?

Accepted Answer

Biphasic stridor that worsens with crying and improves with age

Answer

Subglottic hemangiomas cause biphasic stridor that worsens with agitation or crying and typically undergo spontaneous involution by 12–18 months of age.

ENT - Ear, Nose, and Throat Specialist Certification Practice Test

ENT - Ear, Nose, and Throat Specialist Certification Practice Test

ENT ENT Pediatric and Special Populations 2