ENT ENT Pediatric and Special Populations 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss in children?
- Otosclerosis
- Otitis media with effusion (glue ear) (Correct answer)
- Cholesteatoma
- Presbycusis
Correct answer: Otitis media with effusion (glue ear)
Otitis media with effusion ('glue ear') is the leading cause of conductive hearing loss in pediatric patients due to Eustachian tube dysfunction.
Question 2: According to EHDI/JCIH guidelines, by what age should newborn hearing screening be completed in the US?
- 3 months
- 6 months
- 1 month (before hospital discharge) (Correct answer)
- 12 months
Correct answer: 1 month (before hospital discharge)
JCIH guidelines recommend universal newborn hearing screening before hospital discharge or by 1 month of age as part of the Early Hearing Detection and Intervention program.
Question 3: Which congenital anomaly involves an abnormal connection between the trachea and esophagus?
- Choanal atresia
- Laryngomalacia
- Tracheoesophageal fistula (Correct answer)
- Subglottic stenosis
Correct answer: Tracheoesophageal fistula
Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a congenital defect where an abnormal passage forms between the trachea and esophagus, often associated with esophageal atresia.
Question 4: What is the most common cause of chronic inspiratory stridor in infants?
- Croup
- Epiglottitis
- Laryngomalacia (Correct answer)
- Foreign body aspiration
Correct answer: Laryngomalacia
Laryngomalacia is the most frequent cause of chronic stridor in infants, caused by immature, floppy supraglottic cartilage that collapses during inspiration.
Question 5: Which syndrome is characterized by sensorineural hearing loss combined with thyroid goiter and is caused by SLC26A4 mutations?
- Usher syndrome
- Pendred syndrome (Correct answer)
- Waardenburg syndrome
- Branchio-oto-renal syndrome
Correct answer: Pendred syndrome
Pendred syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by SLC26A4 mutations, presenting with sensorineural hearing loss and thyroid goiter with normal vestibular function.
Question 6: What is the FDA-approved minimum age for cochlear implantation in profoundly deaf children in the US?
- 5 years
- 3 years
- 12 months (Correct answer)
- 6 months
Correct answer: 12 months
Current FDA approval and clinical practice support cochlear implantation at 12 months of age for children with profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss.
ENT ENT Pediatric and Special Populations 1
What is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss in children?