DO Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3

Question 1

Which class of drugs for COPD works by blocking muscarinic receptors to cause bronchodilation?

Accepted Answer

Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs)

Answer

LAMAs such as tiotropium block M3 muscarinic receptors in airway smooth muscle, reducing bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion in COPD.

Question 2

A 28-year-old woman with bipolar disorder is planning pregnancy. Which mood stabilizer poses the GREATEST teratogenic risk?

Accepted Answer

Valproate

Answer

Valproate has the highest teratogenic risk among mood stabilizers, causing neural tube defects, cognitive impairment, and fetal valproate syndrome.

Question 3

Which medication used for alcohol use disorder works by causing an aversive reaction when alcohol is consumed (disulfiram-like effect)?

Accepted Answer

Disulfiram

Answer

Disulfiram inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, causing acetaldehyde accumulation when alcohol is consumed, resulting in flushing, nausea, and tachycardia.

Question 4

Thiazide diuretics cause which electrolyte abnormality as a common side effect?

Accepted Answer

Hypokalemia

Answer

Thiazides increase sodium and water excretion while also enhancing potassium secretion in the distal tubule, leading to hypokalemia.

Question 5

Which drug class is used to treat opioid-induced constipation by acting as a peripherally restricted mu-opioid receptor antagonist?

Accepted Answer

Methylnaltrexone (PAMORA)

Answer

PAMORAs like methylnaltrexone block peripheral gut opioid receptors without crossing the blood-brain barrier, relieving constipation without reversing analgesia.

DO - Doctor of Osteopathy Practice Test

DO - Doctor of Osteopathy Practice Test

DO Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3