DO Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Question 1

Which class of medications is first-line for managing hypertension in a patient with concurrent type 2 diabetes and proteinuria?

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitors or ARBs

Answer

Beta-blockers

Answer

Calcium channel blockers

Answer

Thiazide diuretics

Question 2

A patient taking warfarin is started on rifampin. How should warfarin dosing be adjusted?

Accepted Answer

Increase warfarin dose; rifampin induces CYP450 enzymes

Answer

Decrease warfarin dose; rifampin inhibits CYP450 enzymes

Answer

No adjustment needed

Answer

Switch to heparin immediately

Question 3

Which antibiotic class is associated with QT prolongation and must be used cautiously in patients on antiarrhythmics?

Accepted Answer

Fluoroquinolones

Answer

Penicillins

Answer

Aminoglycosides

Answer

Carbapenems

Question 4

Metformin is contraindicated in patients with an eGFR below what threshold due to risk of lactic acidosis?

Accepted Answer

30 mL/min/1.73m²

Answer

60 mL/min/1.73m²

Answer

45 mL/min/1.73m²

Answer

15 mL/min/1.73m²

Question 5

Which opioid analgesic is safest to use in patients with chronic kidney disease because it lacks active renally cleared metabolites?

Accepted Answer

Fentanyl

Answer

Morphine

Answer

Codeine

Answer

Hydromorphone

Question 6

Statins exert their primary lipid-lowering effect by inhibiting which enzyme?

Accepted Answer

HMG-CoA reductase

Answer

Lipoprotein lipase

Answer

Cholesterol ester transfer protein

Answer

Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase