CVT CVT Fall Prevention & Balance Rehabilitation 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which standardized outcome measure assesses a patient's self-reported confidence in performing daily activities without falling?
- Dynamic Gait Index (DGI)
- Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI)
- Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale (Correct answer)
- Timed Up and Go (TUG)
Correct answer: Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale
The ABC Scale asks patients to rate their confidence (0–100%) on 16 specific activities, capturing the fear-of-falling component that predicts activity restriction.
Question 2: A Timed Up and Go (TUG) score above how many seconds typically indicates increased fall risk in community-dwelling older adults?
- 5 seconds
- 8 seconds
- 12 seconds (Correct answer)
- 20 seconds
Correct answer: 12 seconds
TUG scores greater than 12 seconds are associated with elevated fall risk and mobility limitations in older community-dwelling adults.
Question 3: Standing on a foam pad with eyes closed during sensory organization testing primarily forces reliance on:
- Visual and vestibular inputs for postural control (Correct answer)
- Auditory cues for balance
- Hand grip strength
- Cervical proprioception exclusively
Correct answer: Visual and vestibular inputs for postural control
Foam disrupts somatosensory feedback from the feet, leaving visual and vestibular systems as the primary inputs; closing the eyes then isolates vestibular input alone.
Question 4: Which home modification has the strongest evidence for reducing fall risk in patients with vestibular disorders?
- Installing thick carpeting throughout the home
- Removing loose rugs, adding grab bars, and improving lighting (Correct answer)
- Increasing furniture density to provide more handholds
- Using bifocal glasses exclusively for all activities
Correct answer: Removing loose rugs, adding grab bars, and improving lighting
Environmental hazard removal combined with grab bar installation addresses the major mechanical fall risk factors in patients with impaired balance.
Question 5: The Otago Exercise Programme for fall prevention emphasizes which type of exercises?
- Aerobic cardiovascular exercises only
- Upper extremity resistance training
- Lower extremity strengthening and balance exercises combined with a walking program (Correct answer)
- Core stabilization and spinal flexibility exercises
Correct answer: Lower extremity strengthening and balance exercises combined with a walking program
The Otago programme consists of 17 leg muscle strengthening and balance retraining exercises progressed over time, combined with a structured walking plan.
Question 6: The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) is scored out of a maximum of:
- 28 points
- 36 points
- 56 points (Correct answer)
- 100 points
Correct answer: 56 points
The BBS consists of 14 items each scored 0–4, yielding a maximum total score of 56, with scores below 45 indicating increased fall risk.
CVT CVT Fall Prevention & Balance Rehabilitation 1
Which standardized outcome measure assesses a patient's self-reported confidence in performing daily activities without falling?