CTEL CTEL Factors in Language Development 4

Question 1

Which scenario BEST illustrates subtractive bilingualism?

Accepted Answer

A student loses proficiency in Spanish as English becomes dominant

Answer

Subtractive bilingualism occurs when L2 acquisition comes at the expense of L1 proficiency, often due to assimilationist pressures.

Question 2

The 'input hypothesis' proposed by Krashen argues that language acquisition occurs when learners receive input that is:

Accepted Answer

Slightly above their current proficiency level (i+1)

Answer

Krashen's i+1 means comprehensible input just beyond the learner's current level promotes acquisition.

Question 3

A student who uses 'goed' instead of 'went' is demonstrating:

Accepted Answer

Overgeneralization of L2 rules

Answer

Overgeneralization occurs when learners apply regular grammar rules (e.g., adding -ed) to irregular forms, showing active rule construction.

Question 4

Which of the following factors is a PSYCHOLOGICAL influence on language development?

Accepted Answer

Learner motivation and language learning anxiety

Answer

Psychological factors such as motivation, attitude, anxiety, and self-confidence directly affect the rate and success of language acquisition.

Question 5

Research by Thomas and Collier suggests that ELL students need approximately how many years to reach academic parity with native English speakers?

Accepted Answer

4–7 years

Answer

Thomas and Collier's longitudinal research found that ELLs typically require 4–7 years of quality schooling to achieve academic language parity.

CTEL Exam Practice Test