CPACC Disability Types and Barriers 5 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: According to the CPACC body of knowledge, which model of disability views disability as a mismatch between a person's needs and the built environment?
- Medical model
- Charity model
- Social model (Correct answer)
- Economic model
Correct answer: Social model
The social model of disability holds that barriers in the environment—not the impairment itself—are what disable people.
Question 2: A person who is 'hard of hearing' differs from someone who is 'deaf' primarily in that they:
- Were born with their hearing loss
- Have some residual hearing that may be usable with or without amplification (Correct answer)
- Cannot benefit from hearing aids
- Experience hearing loss only in one ear
Correct answer: Have some residual hearing that may be usable with or without amplification
Being hard of hearing indicates partial hearing loss where residual hearing may be functional with assistive devices, unlike profound deafness.
Question 3: Which of the following is an example of an attitudinal barrier for people with disabilities?
- A ramp that is too steep for wheelchair users
- An assumption that a blind person cannot manage their own finances (Correct answer)
- A website without keyboard navigation
- A video without captions
Correct answer: An assumption that a blind person cannot manage their own finances
Attitudinal barriers arise from prejudice and misconceptions about disability, such as underestimating the capabilities of people with disabilities.
Question 4: Vestibular disorders can be triggered by web content that includes:
- Long blocks of text without headings
- Parallax scrolling and large-scale motion animations (Correct answer)
- Forms with required fields not clearly labeled
- PDFs that are not tagged
Correct answer: Parallax scrolling and large-scale motion animations
Parallax scrolling and large motion effects can induce dizziness, nausea, and disorientation in users with vestibular disorders.
Question 5: Multiple sclerosis (MS) as a disability category is notable in accessibility contexts because:
- It only affects vision
- Its symptoms fluctuate, meaning a person's accessibility needs may change day to day (Correct answer)
- It exclusively causes cognitive impairments
- It is a static condition with consistent barriers
Correct answer: Its symptoms fluctuate, meaning a person's accessibility needs may change day to day
MS is a progressive neurological condition with relapsing-remitting symptoms, so users may have varying degrees of mobility, vision, or cognitive impairment at different times.
Question 6: In the CPACC framework, 'situational disabilities' refer to:
- Disabilities caused by a specific traumatic event
- Temporary limitations experienced by any user due to context, such as using a phone in bright sunlight (Correct answer)
- Disabilities recognized only in certain legal jurisdictions
- Impairments that only affect users in professional situations
Correct answer: Temporary limitations experienced by any user due to context, such as using a phone in bright sunlight
Situational limitations (e.g., bright sunlight, noisy environment, broken arm) affect anyone temporarily and illustrate why accessibility benefits all users.
Question 7: Which barrier type would be most relevant to a Deaf user who uses American Sign Language (ASL) as their primary language?
- Motor barrier from complex keyboard shortcuts
- Linguistic barrier from text-heavy content written at a high English reading level (Correct answer)
- Visual barrier from insufficient color contrast
- Cognitive barrier from inconsistent navigation
Correct answer: Linguistic barrier from text-heavy content written at a high English reading level
For many Deaf individuals, English is a second language after ASL, so complex written English can create a significant linguistic barrier.
CPACC Disability Types and Barriers 5
According to the CPACC body of knowledge, which model of disability views disability as a mismatch between a person's needs and the built environment?