Counseling Human Development and Lifespan 3

Question 1

Gilligan's theory of moral development critiqued Kohlberg for:

Accepted Answer

Basing his stages primarily on male subjects

Answer

Carol Gilligan argued that Kohlberg's model was gender-biased because it was based primarily on male samples and undervalued the care-based moral reasoning more common in women.

Question 2

The concept of 'temperament' in child development refers to:

Accepted Answer

Biologically-based individual differences in emotional reactivity and self-regulation

Answer

Temperament describes inborn, stable patterns of emotional response and behavioral style, including dimensions like activity level, adaptability, and mood.

Question 3

Levinson's theory of adult development focuses on:

Accepted Answer

Alternating periods of structure-building and transition

Answer

Daniel Levinson described adult development as cycles of stable 'structure-building' periods alternating with transitional periods, culminating in the 'midlife transition.'

Question 4

In resilience research, which factor is most consistently identified as protective for at-risk youth?

Accepted Answer

Presence of at least one stable, caring adult relationship

Answer

Research consistently shows that having at least one stable, caring relationship with an adult is the most powerful protective factor against adverse childhood experiences.

Question 5

Neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD are typically first diagnosed during:

Accepted Answer

Childhood or adolescence

Answer

According to the DSM-5, neurodevelopmental disorders like ADHD must have symptoms present before age 12 and are typically identified during childhood or adolescence.

Counseling Practice Test

Counseling Practice Test

Counseling Human Development and Lifespan 3