Counseling Multicultural Counseling and Diversity 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which model of multicultural counseling competencies identifies three dimensions: awareness, knowledge, and skills?
- The ADDRESSING Framework
- Sue and Sue's Tripartite Model
- The ACA Multicultural Counseling Competencies (Correct answer)
- Pedersen's Culture-Centered Counseling
Correct answer: The ACA Multicultural Counseling Competencies
The ACA Multicultural Counseling Competencies organize counselor development into three domains: self-awareness, cultural knowledge, and culturally appropriate skills.
Question 2: A counselor who imposes their own cultural values on clients and fails to recognize alternative worldviews is exhibiting:
- Cultural humility
- Cultural encapsulation (Correct answer)
- Ethnorelativism
- Acculturation stress
Correct answer: Cultural encapsulation
Cultural encapsulation, coined by Wrenn, describes counselors who are trapped within their own cultural assumptions and fail to account for clients' different worldviews.
Question 3: Microaggressions in counseling are best described as:
- Overt acts of racial discrimination by counselors
- Brief, everyday exchanges that send denigrating messages to members of marginalized groups (Correct answer)
- Aggressive confrontational techniques used in therapy
- Unconscious countertransference toward minority clients
Correct answer: Brief, everyday exchanges that send denigrating messages to members of marginalized groups
Microaggressions, as defined by Sue et al., are commonplace verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities that communicate hostile or negative slights to marginalized groups.
Question 4: The ADDRESSING framework (Hays, 2008) is used in multicultural counseling primarily to:
- Assess a client's readiness for change
- Identify multiple cultural influences and potential privilege or marginalization (Correct answer)
- Structure a culturally adapted cognitive-behavioral intervention
- Diagnose culturally specific mental health conditions
Correct answer: Identify multiple cultural influences and potential privilege or marginalization
The ADDRESSING framework helps counselors systematically consider multiple cultural factors (Age, Disability, Religion, Ethnicity, Social status, Sexual orientation, Indigenous heritage, National origin, Gender) that shape a client's identity.
Question 5: Berry's model of acculturation identifies four strategies. Which strategy involves maintaining one's heritage culture while also engaging with the dominant culture?
- Assimilation
- Separation
- Integration (Correct answer)
- Marginalization
Correct answer: Integration
Integration (also called biculturalism) involves maintaining one's original cultural identity while simultaneously adapting to and participating in the dominant culture.
Question 6: Which concept refers to the unearned social privileges that members of a dominant group receive simply by belonging to that group?
- Intersectionality
- Acculturation advantage
- White privilege (Correct answer)
- Social capital
Correct answer: White privilege
White privilege, as articulated by Peggy McIntosh, refers to the largely invisible advantages and benefits that white individuals receive in a racially stratified society without having earned them.
Question 7: A counselor who views their cultural values and beliefs as universal standards by which all other cultures should be judged is demonstrating:
- Cultural relativism
- Ethnocentrism (Correct answer)
- Cultural pluralism
- Xenophilia
Correct answer: Ethnocentrism
Ethnocentrism is the tendency to judge other cultures by the standards of one's own culture, often viewing one's own cultural practices as superior or normative.
Counseling Multicultural Counseling and Diversity 1
Which model of multicultural counseling competencies identifies three dimensions: awareness, knowledge, and skills?