Counseling Counseling Theories and Approaches 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which theorist developed Person-Centered Therapy, emphasizing unconditional positive regard?
- Carl Rogers (Correct answer)
- Albert Ellis
- Aaron Beck
- Sigmund Freud
Correct answer: Carl Rogers
Carl Rogers developed Person-Centered Therapy, which emphasizes empathy, congruence, and unconditional positive regard as core therapeutic conditions.
Question 2: In Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), what are the automatic negative thoughts called that distort reality?
- Core beliefs
- Cognitive distortions (Correct answer)
- Schemas
- Defense mechanisms
Correct answer: Cognitive distortions
Cognitive distortions are irrational thought patterns identified in CBT that negatively bias perception and contribute to emotional distress.
Question 3: Adlerian therapy focuses on which core concept as a primary human motivation?
- Unconscious drives
- Social interest and belonging (Correct answer)
- Behavioral reinforcement
- Existential freedom
Correct answer: Social interest and belonging
Alfred Adler emphasized social interest (Gemeinschaftsgefühl) — the innate desire to contribute to and belong within one's community — as the hallmark of mental health.
Question 4: Which therapy focuses on accepting uncomfortable thoughts rather than eliminating them?
- REBT
- Psychoanalysis
- Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) (Correct answer)
- Behavioral Activation
Correct answer: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)
ACT uses psychological flexibility, mindfulness, and values-based action to help clients accept unwanted inner experiences rather than fight them.
Question 5: The ABC model is central to which therapeutic approach?
- Gestalt Therapy
- Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) (Correct answer)
- Solution-Focused Brief Therapy
- Narrative Therapy
Correct answer: Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
Albert Ellis's REBT uses the ABC model where A=Activating event, B=Belief, and C=Consequence, showing beliefs—not events—cause emotional disturbance.
Question 6: Existential therapy primarily addresses which human concern?
- Childhood trauma
- Behavioral conditioning
- Freedom, responsibility, and the search for meaning (Correct answer)
- Interpersonal communication patterns
Correct answer: Freedom, responsibility, and the search for meaning
Existential therapy, associated with Yalom and May, focuses on the 'givens of existence': death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness.
Counseling Counseling Theories and Approaches 1
Which theorist developed Person-Centered Therapy, emphasizing unconditional positive regard?