COMSAE Endocrine and Reproductive Systems 3

Question 1

A 16-year-old girl presents with primary amenorrhea, short stature, webbed neck, and shield chest. Karyotype is 45,X. Which is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Turner syndrome

Answer

Turner syndrome (45,X) presents with ovarian dysgenesis, short stature, and characteristic somatic features including webbed neck and shield chest.

Question 2

On COMSAE, which lab finding is most consistent with Graves' disease?

Accepted Answer

Low TSH, elevated free T4, positive TSI antibodies

Answer

Graves' disease is an autoimmune hyperthyroidism caused by TSH receptor-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI), resulting in low TSH and elevated thyroid hormones.

Question 3

A diabetic patient is found unconscious with a blood glucose of 32 mg/dL. Which is the immediate treatment if IV access cannot be established?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon IM injection

Answer

Glucagon IM stimulates hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, raising blood glucose when IV access is unavailable in severe hypoglycemia.

Question 4

Which osteopathic structural finding is classically associated with viscerosomatic reflexes from the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

T5-T9 somatic dysfunction

Answer

The pancreas has sympathetic innervation from T5-T9 via the splanchnic nerves, so pancreatic pathology commonly produces somatic dysfunction in this thoracic region.

Question 5

A 50-year-old man with type 2 diabetes develops progressive proteinuria. Kidney biopsy shows Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules. What pathological process is demonstrated?

Accepted Answer

Nodular glomerulosclerosis

Answer

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules represent nodular glomerulosclerosis, the pathological hallmark of advanced diabetic nephropathy caused by mesangial matrix expansion.

COMSAE - Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Self-Assessment Examination Practice Test

COMSAE - Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Self-Assessment Examination Practice Test

COMSAE Endocrine and Reproductive Systems 3