COMSAE Renal and Urinary Systems

Question 1

A patient with chronic kidney disease has a GFR of 22 mL/min/1.73 m². According to KDIGO staging, what CKD stage is this?

Accepted Answer

Stage 4

Answer

Stage 2

Answer

Stage 3b

Answer

Stage 5

Question 2

Which urinalysis finding is most characteristic of nephrotic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Massive proteinuria (>3.5 g/day)

Answer

RBC casts

Answer

WBC casts

Answer

Hematuria with dysmorphic RBCs

Question 3

A patient presents with oliguria, flank pain, and hematuria after starting an NSAID. Urinalysis shows muddy brown casts and elevated BUN/creatinine. What type of acute kidney injury is this?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic renal AKI (ATN)

Answer

Prerenal AKI

Answer

Postrenal AKI

Answer

Interstitial nephritis

Question 4

Which feature best distinguishes prerenal AKI from intrinsic renal AKI?

Accepted Answer

BUN:creatinine ratio >20:1 and FeNa <1%

Answer

FeNa >2% and muddy brown casts

Answer

Proteinuria >3.5 g/day

Answer

Eosinophiluria on urinalysis

Question 5

The sympathetic nervous system innervates the kidney via which spinal levels, relevant to osteopathic viscerosomatic reflexes?

Accepted Answer

T10–L1

Answer

C1–C4

Answer

L2–L4

Answer

S2–S4

Question 6

Which diuretic class acts on the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle and is most potent for volume removal in acute pulmonary edema?

Accepted Answer

Loop diuretics

Answer

Thiazide diuretics

Answer

Potassium-sparing diuretics

Answer

Osmotic diuretics