CMA Reproductive Anatomy & Physiology

Question 1

Which hormone is primarily responsible for triggering ovulation in the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

A surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary triggers ovulation around day 14 of a 28-day cycle.

Question 2

The fertilized egg typically implants in which layer of the uterus?

Accepted Answer

Endometrium

Answer

The blastocyst implants into the endometrium (decidua) approximately 6–10 days after fertilization.

Question 3

Which structure connects the fetus to the placenta?

Accepted Answer

Umbilical cord

Answer

The umbilical cord contains two arteries and one vein that carry blood between the fetus and placenta.

Question 4

What is the primary function of the corpus luteum after ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Produce progesterone to support early pregnancy

Answer

The corpus luteum secretes progesterone to maintain the endometrial lining until the placenta takes over at about 10 weeks.

Question 5

Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by endometrial thickening under estrogen influence?

Accepted Answer

Proliferative phase

Answer

The proliferative phase occurs after menstruation when rising estrogen causes the endometrium to thicken and regenerate.

CMA - Certified Midwife Assistant Practice Test