CLAD Language Policy and Legal Frameworks 2

Question 1

Under the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), states must set English Language Proficiency (ELP) standards that are aligned with:

Accepted Answer

The state's own academic content standards in English language arts and other subjects

Answer

International frameworks for second language acquisition research

Answer

Federal Common Core English Language Arts standards exclusively

Answer

WIDA English Language Development Standards as the sole approved framework

Question 2

California's Proposition 227 (1998) significantly changed ELL instruction by primarily requiring:

Accepted Answer

Placement of most ELL students in structured English immersion for approximately one year before mainstreaming

Answer

All schools to offer dual-language immersion programs as the default model

Answer

Native language arts instruction while students learned English in separate ESL periods

Answer

Self-contained bilingual classrooms through middle school for all ELL students

Question 3

The Bilingual Education Act of 1968 was a landmark piece of legislation primarily because it:

Accepted Answer

Was the first federal legislation to acknowledge and fund programs addressing the needs of language minority students

Answer

Mandated bilingual education for all districts enrolling more than 50 ELL students

Answer

Required all states to develop bilingual curricula within five years of enactment

Answer

Prohibited English-only instruction in states with large immigrant populations

Question 4

According to OCR guidelines, the process for identifying ELL students who need language support services must begin with:

Accepted Answer

A home language survey administered at enrollment, followed by a formal English proficiency assessment

Answer

A referral from a classroom teacher based on observed communication difficulties

Answer

Federal standardized assessments administered to all students each October

Answer

Annual state ELP tests administered simultaneously to the entire student population

Question 5

Title III of NCLB's Annual Measurable Achievement Objectives (AMAOs) required districts to show annual progress in:

Accepted Answer

English language proficiency gains and the percentage of students attaining full English proficiency

Answer

Native language literacy gains and content-area mastery for ELL students

Answer

Bilingual teacher certification rates and professional development completion hours

Answer

Total hours of language instruction provided per grade level and program type

Question 6

A key distinction between ESSA and NCLB in ELL policy is that ESSA:

Accepted Answer

Gave states substantially greater flexibility to design their own ELL accountability systems

Answer

Eliminated all federal accountability requirements related to ELL student achievement

Answer

Required all states to use only federally approved English proficiency assessment instruments

Answer

Mandated that all ELL students be assessed exclusively in their native languages

Question 7

Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects ELL students in public schools primarily through its prohibition of discrimination based on:

Accepted Answer

National origin, which courts and OCR have interpreted to include language-based discrimination

Answer

Disability status when language acquisition delays are suspected to be neurologically based

Answer

Socioeconomic status within federally funded Title I school programs

Answer

Age, ensuring older ELL students receive the same services as younger peers